The Arms Race

1. Read Source 12. What methods do you think Dulles had in mind to 'liberate captive peoples' without a war?
Some ways Dulles may have in mind that would liberate 'captive peoples' short of war could be diplomacy, espionage, or overthrowing governments, like in Central and South America.
2. Look at Source 13. Would you agree that the Communist world was encircled? Explain your answer.
I do not agree that the Communist world was encircled, especialy in Asia. I think this because Aisia was predominantly Communist, and only a smal section of it in the far South East belonged to SEATO, which did not pose a threat to the USSR, or China. In the West however, the Communist world was sorounded. Most of Europe blonged to NATO, and most of the Middle East belonged to CENTO. However, the Soviets controlled an equal amount of Eastern Europe through the Warsaw Pact, as was in NATO in the West. So, it is not fair to say that the Communist world was encircled based on the Massive amount of land they controlled, and the fact that their enemies were only in a small perimiter in only small sections of their border.
3. Carefully examine the verticle timeline on page 343. Then look back at Source 12. Do you think the development of nuclear weapons was what Dulles might have had in mind?
I do not think that the development of nuclear weapons was what Dulles might have had in mind. This is because to use them would most certainly be an act of war, and he specificaly said there were ways to do it without war. On the other hand, he could have meant that there would be no need fo rconventional war if the bombs destroyed the Soviet Union first. However, it is unlikely that Dulles could have known the path that the race for the best bomb was going to take when he made that statment in 1952. Thus, if Dulles ever intended for the further development of nuclear weapons to be a way to liberate nations peacfully, it likly happend after he made this statment.
4. Look at Source 16. What is the Soviet cartoon saying about the U-2 plane?
Source 16 is saying that the U.S is using the U2 as a way to spy on the Soviets, something that the cartoonist obviously saw as wrong judging from the evil looking expression on the face of the American.
5. Read the Factfile on page 344. Explain why the USSR was so angry about the US spy flights.
The USSR was so angry about the US spy flights because it was an invasion of Soviet airspace, President Eisenhower refused to apologise or stop the flights when he was asked to by the Soviets. These things caused the Soviets to feel both threatened and insulted by the United States.
6. How would the USA justify this violation of Soviet territory?
The USA justified this violation of Soviet territory by
7. If the USSR had had U-2 planes, do you think it would have used them? Why?
The USSR would definatly have used U-2 planes if they had had them. They would have used them because they were already using people to spy on the U.S and the jump to planes is not a great one, and would lower the cost of human life on the Soviet Side.
8. Look at Source 17. Why do you think the USA had missiles based in Europe?
The US had missle sites in Europe so that they couldd more easily and quikly defend the European allies as well as respond to Soviet threats more quikly.
9. Define the term 'nuclear deterrent' in not more than 20 words.
Neuclear Deterennt is the idea that if a country has neucleear wepon, another will not attack with nuclear weopns for fear of retaliation.